Variyamkunnath Kunjahammed Haji

Variyamkunnath Kunjahammed Haji (1878 - 20 January 1922), the leader of the 1921 Malabar (Mappila) Rebellion in Kerala. A Mappila Muslim landlord from Nellikuth in Malappuram district, Haji was initially a Khilafat Movement organiser but after Britain's 1920 Non-Cooperation Movement collapsed he led the August 1921 Mappila peasant-landlord uprising against the Hindu zamindars and the British administration. His 1921 declaration of Al-Malabar Al-Islamiyya (a de facto rebel government) across Ernad and Valluvanad was crushed by British forces using the November 1921 Wagon Tragedy and the January 1922 Variyamkunnath hunt. He was executed by firing squad on 20 January 1922. The 2020 film 'Variyamkunnan' revived national attention.